Professional Writing 笔记

• 11 October 2016

沟通的现状

• 沟通不容易
  • 沟通应该是相互的理解过程 Communication is
SHARED UNDERSTANDING.
  • 萧伯纳(G. B. Shaw)：The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place.”
• 我们面对太多信息噪音 We are overwhelmed by NOISE!
  • 彼得·德鲁克(Peter Drucker)：The noise level has gone up so fast that…there is clearly less and less communicating.
• 人们的注意力非常短 People have brief attention spans

怎么有效地沟通？

• 必须清楚你的观众群体 You must know what it is like
to be the Audience

  • 我们生活在一个多样化的世界 We live in a world of diversity
  • 你的观众群体忙碌，不喜欢思考，容易分散注意力，代表着多元文化…
  • 必须给他们带来好处 Show the reader a benefit.

• 必须吸引人的注意力 You must attract attention!

  • 了解人类的大脑 You must penetrate the Reptile Brain.
  • 使用以下要素：新奇的事情，动作，故事，提问，引用 (Novelty, Movement, Story, Questions, Quotes)…
  • 思考：你的故事是什么？What is your story?
    • 故事的组成：Setting 设定 - Conflict 冲突 - Characters 角色 - Plot 密谋 - 高潮 Climax - 结局 Resolution
    • 讲故事使一件事更容易记住 FACTS are 22 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO BE RECALLED when told in the form of a story.

• 简单书写！Write with SIMPLICITY!

  • 所有人崇尚简单 ALL audiences value SIMPLICITY!
    • 达芬奇：Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
    • 爱因斯坦：Everything should be made AS SIMPLE AS POSSIBLE, but not simpler.
  • 使用简单的单词 (1-2 syllables)
  • 写简单的句子 (<15 words)
  • 写精短的段落 (1-5 sentences)

七个写作的诀窍 The Seven Secrets

1. 使用动词 Prefer action verbs

• 动词是句子中最重要的词 VERB IS MOST IMPORTANT WORDin a sentence.
• 避免名词，不要把动词变成名词形式 AVOID Nominals.
• 反之，尽量多地将名词变为动词形式 turn VERBS into nouns and adjectives.
• 避免Being动词：is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been …

2. 使用主动语态 Prefer active voice

• 尽量将被动语态转换成主动语态
• 使用主动语态可以避免模糊不清和歧义

3. 让人和事做主语 Make people and things the subjects of sentences

4. 在段落中使用关键句表达中心思想 Use topic sentences for clarity and coherence

• 使用如下结构：
  • 介绍 Introduction Paragraph
  • 中心句-支撑论据-结论 Topic sentence-supporting sentences-conclusion
  • 中心句-支撑论据-结论 Topic sentence-supporting sentences-conclusion
  • 中心句-支撑论据-结论 Topic sentence-supporting sentences-conclusion
  • 结尾 Conclusion Paragraph

5. 做好过渡 Use good transitions

• 使用连接词做过渡 Use transition through conjunctions

6. 使用平行结构 Use parallel structure

• 举例
  • Good food. Good life.
  • Expect more. Pay less.
  • You can do it. We can help.

7. 让文章易于阅读 Design documents for ease of reading.


一些注意事项

• 尽量避免使用 should, would, could, may, might
• 尽量避免使用 It is, it was, it has been, it will be...句式
• 尽量避免使用 There is, there are, there was, there were, there will be, there has been...句式
  • 原因：使用being动词的句子难以找到主语；这些句子更容易使用名词(nominals)
• 使用主语-动词-宾语结构 S-V-O(subject-verb-object)
• 使用数字：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine
• 使用冠词：a, an, the

附：这篇笔记和我两年前做过的《英文写作的魅力》读书笔记非常相似。欢迎点击阅读。

• ← Previous
  我看《极限挑战》
• Next →
  神奇的 Apple Care